Summary
The last decade has revolutionized our thinking about regulatory RNAs and yet we are still at the beginning of understanding their biology. One such challenge is presented by R-loops, prevalent DNA:RNA hybrids, which lie at the interface of different nuclear processes, including transcription, RNA processing, lncRNAs, DNA damage, chromatin, and neurodegenerative disease. Long-time considered a threat to genomic integrity, recent evidence indicates that certain R-loops can act as epigenetic gene regulators. The hypothesis is that nascent RNAs retained at their site of transcription may function as sequence-specific component of mammalian chromatin to shape gene expression. Notably, R-loops found at GC-enriched promoters are implicated in preventing DNA methylation and promote transcription, but how this might occur has remained obscure. In a breakthrough discovery, we identified the first epigenetic R-loop reader. This protein binds directly and specifically to DNA:RNA hybrids in vitro and in vivo, and mediates local DNA hydroxymethylation and demethylation via TET (Ten-Eleven Translocation) cytosine oxidases. Using the R-loop reader as a tool provides a unique entry point to address fundamental questions regarding mechanisms and regulation of the epigenetic function and biological role of these DNA:RNA hybrids. Applying genome-wide approaches and studying the biology of embryonic stem cells (ESCs), we will 1) systematically identify regulatory R-loops, 2) characterize their common features, 3) address how R-loops are decoded in ESC pluripotency and differentiation, 4) investigate how regulatory R-loops are erased, and (5) screen for additional R-loop binders/readers and characterize their epigenetic role. The HybReader project will allow for ground-breaking discoveries regarding the emerging epigenetic function and regulation of these poorly understood regulatory hybrids in the control of gene expression.
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More information & hyperlinks
| Web resources: | https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/786834 |
| Start date: | 01-06-2018 |
| End date: | 30-11-2023 |
| Total budget - Public funding: | 2 000 000,00 Euro - 2 000 000,00 Euro |
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Original description
The last decade has revolutionized our thinking about regulatory RNAs and yet we are still at the beginning of understanding their biology. One such challenge is presented by R-loops, prevalent DNA:RNA hybrids, which lie at the interface of different nuclear processes, including transcription, RNA processing, lncRNAs, DNA damage, chromatin, and neurodegenerative disease. Long-time considered a threat to genomic integrity, recent evidence indicates that certain R-loops can act as epigenetic gene regulators. The hypothesis is that nascent RNAs retained at their site of transcription may function as sequence-specific component of mammalian chromatin to shape gene expression. Notably, R-loops found at GC-enriched promoters are implicated in preventing DNA methylation and promote transcription, but how this might occur has remained obscure. In a breakthrough discovery, we identified the first epigenetic R-loop reader. This protein binds directly and specifically to DNA:RNA hybrids in vitro and in vivo, and mediates local DNA hydroxymethylation and demethylation via TET (Ten-Eleven Translocation) cytosine oxidases. Using the R-loop reader as a tool provides a unique entry point to address fundamental questions regarding mechanisms and regulation of the epigenetic function and biological role of these DNA:RNA hybrids. Applying genome-wide approaches and studying the biology of embryonic stem cells (ESCs), we will 1) systematically identify regulatory R-loops, 2) characterize their common features, 3) address how R-loops are decoded in ESC pluripotency and differentiation, 4) investigate how regulatory R-loops are erased, and (5) screen for additional R-loop binders/readers and characterize their epigenetic role. The HybReader project will allow for ground-breaking discoveries regarding the emerging epigenetic function and regulation of these poorly understood regulatory hybrids in the control of gene expression.Status
CLOSEDCall topic
ERC-2017-ADGUpdate Date
27-04-2024
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