Report on heavy feedstock purification for lipids and lignin biofuels

A report on the development of specific pretreatment/purification protocols for the different bio-crude feedstocks, i.e. lignin bio-oil and lipid streams, based on methods such as washing, extraction and ion exchanging. The aim is the successful removal of contaminants such as ash, P, F and As, and to improve the stability and miscibility with traditional feedstocks, targeting to processable feeds and enhanced catalyst stability.