Protocol and technology of UCNPs synthesis

A. Synthesis of the FLUCNPs : A core/shell architecture will be synthesised where an inert shell passivates and protects the luminescent core from surface defects and/or high-energy vibrations (phonons) from the capping ligands or the solvent, which can be detrimental to the luminescence efficiency.For applications in super-resolution imaging, 3 types of UCNPs will be synthesised: (i)NaGdF4:Er3+, Yb3+/NaGdF4 (2% Er3+ and 20% Yb3+ in the core)(ii)LiYbF4:Er3+/LiYF4 core/shell (2% Er3+ in the core)(iii)LiLuF4:Er3+, Yb3+/LiYF4 core/shell (2% Er3+ and 20% Yb3+ in the core)B. Synthesis of the FNDs C. Fabrication of rare-earth ions doped GQDs